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ONEDOG Wellness · Published veterinary research

Scientific Research &
Product Application Library

84 numbered research entries (01–84) plus applied references · Full source URLs · Scientific findings · ONEDOG applications

Research on canine skin, hair fibers, cleansing, topical lipid care, oily-coat disorders, nutrition, and follicular cycling can help explain why formulation choices matter to individual dogs and coats. Studies 35–37 are verified papers selected to reconstruct missing original references.

Explore the research

ONE DOG Wellness · Canine Skin & Coat Science Library

A guided series in skin & coat science.

Research-informed educational articles connect veterinary dermatology, cosmetic science, and responsible grooming. Each publication distinguishes reported study findings from emerging questions and professional application.

01

Veterinary dermatology · Applied grooming science

Canine Skin Barrier Science: Ceramides, Lipids & Epidermal Repair

Understanding the living structure beneath the coat

Explore the stratum corneum, canine ceramides, regional lipid differences, cleansing, conditioning, transepidermal water loss, and what current research does—and does not—establish for grooming practice.

Read the complete educational article ↗

02

Canine lipid biology · Topical-care evidence

Beyond Moisturizing: Sphingolipids, Ceramides & Canine Skin

What topical research shows—and where the evidence stops

Explore canine studies of sphingolipids, glycosaminoglycans, ceramide bathing preparations, hydration, and barrier measurements, with clear distinctions between study findings and product claims.

Read the complete educational article ↗

03

Hair growth · Follicles · Coat microclimate

The Biology of the Canine Coat

A separate research-led collection on hair fibers, growth cycles, clipping, and thermal context

Explore measured hair growth, follicular cycles, coat microclimates, thermal comfort, and fatty-acid mechanisms—with study-specific limits clearly stated.

Explore The Biology of the Canine Coat ↗

04

Advanced veterinary dermatology · Skin ecology

Advanced Canine Dermatology Research

Neuroimmune itch, lipidomics, age-related physiology, microbiome ecology, and grooming

A research synthesis connecting canine skin-barrier lipids, microbial communities, immune signaling, pruritus, bathing methods, and follicular biology, with clear limits on what the research establishes for grooming products.

Read the complete educational article ↗

05

Surfactant science · Skin barrier · Grooming-product biology

Advanced Canine Dermatology Research — Series II

The biological effects of cleansing and grooming formulations

Explore surfactants, canine skin pH, barrier lipids, TEWL, microbiome effects, contact time, exfoliation, and purpose-driven product sequencing—with evidence boundaries made explicit.

Read Research Series II ↗

06

Canine physiology · Whole-animal husbandry

Beyond the Coat: The Hidden Biology of the Dog

A new research roadmap beyond dermatology and coat science

Explore proposed directions in fascia, lymphatic physiology, thermoregulation, proprioception, scent communication, and other canine systems—while distinguishing new topics from areas already covered in the library.

Explore the research roadmap ↗

Canine skin, coat & topical care

Published research & product applications.

01

Cho et al. · July 10, 2026 · Animals, 16(14), 2148

Canine-specific ceramide complexes and skin-barrier recovery

Optimization of a Canine-Specific Ceramide Complex and Evaluation of Its Effects on In Vitro and In Vivo Canine Skin

Research descriptionResearchers compared ceramide subclasses NS, EOP, and EOS using canine epidermal keratinocytes and reconstructed canine epidermal tissue. A selected formulation was then evaluated on living dogs.

Detailed scientific findings
  • A 4:1 combination of ceramide NS and ceramide EOP produced the most comprehensive response among the ratios evaluated.
  • The combination reduced expression of inflammatory chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in canine epidermal cells stimulated with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.
  • Researchers observed increased expression of keratin 10, ceramide synthase 3, and ceramide synthase 4.
  • Reconstructed epidermal tissue showed improved stratum-corneum organization.
  • In-vivo observations showed accelerated skin-barrier recovery and improvements in hair condition.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — relevant to its ceramide focus and the study’s investigation of ceramide chemistry, epidermal structure, and barrier organization. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to lipid-centered conditioning and moisturizing protocol design. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — the study also assessed hair condition; that finding provides context for coat-focused research, not proof of this masque’s results.

Professional applicationIndividualized barrier-focused grooming and post-cleansing conditioning can consider the relationship between epidermal lipids, skin-barrier structure, and coat condition.

02

Rosanna Marsella, University of Florida · March 20, 2020 · BMC Veterinary Research, 16, article 92

Sphingolipids, hyaluronic acid, and canine skin health

Topical Treatment with Sphingolipids and Glycosaminoglycans for Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionTwelve beagles with experimentally induced allergic dermatitis were assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment group received topical sphingolipid-rich sphingolipids and glycosaminoglycans twice weekly for eight weeks. Researchers assessed dermatitis severity, itching, transepidermal water loss, and skin-lipid composition.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The treated group had significantly lower dermatitis severity scores after one week compared with controls.
  • Itching scores were significantly lower in treated dogs after eight weeks.
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the stratum corneum increased significantly in the treatment group.
  • The formulation reduced clinical worsening associated with repeated allergen exposure.
  • The study connected sphingomyelin, a precursor of ceramides, with epidermal lipid biology; hyaluronic acid was discussed as a glycosaminoglycan relevant to hydration and repair processes.

ONEDOG product applicationsABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum — relevant to the study’s glycosaminoglycan and hydration context. AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — sphingolipid metabolism is connected to epidermal ceramide biology. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to lipid composition and combined moisturizing approaches. GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant where its verified formulation includes appropriate water-binding ingredients.

Professional applicationThe findings inform research into layered hydration and lipid-conditioning routines. They describe the studied treatment, not direct testing of these ONEDOG preparations.

03

Momota et al. · 2017 · Veterinary Dermatology, 28(4), 337–e73

Botanical oil treatments and canine hair-fiber lipid retention

The Effect of a Herbal Paste and Oil Extract on the Lipid Content of Canine Hair Fibres

Research descriptionHair samples from six beagles were used to evaluate whether botanical paste and oil treatments altered canine hair lipid content. Samples underwent combinations of rinsing, shampooing, herbal treatment, and herbal treatment with oil extract. High-performance thin-layer chromatography measured hair lipids, including triglycerides and cholesterol esters.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Shampooing and herbal treatments altered measurable lipid content in canine hair.
  • Adding botanical oil extracts substantially increased triglyceride retention.
  • Hair treated with the combined botanical and oil preparation had almost three times the triglyceride content of the comparison treatment.
  • Deposited lipids remained detectable after shampooing.
  • The study measured changes in the lipid composition of canine hair fibers.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — relevant to studying oil-based cleansing, lipid solubilization, and hair-fiber conditioning. Shea Body Butter and Shea Body Gel — relevant to research on lipid-rich preparations and cosmetic delivery vehicles. NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, and AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to investigating coat conditioning, deposition, and surface lubrication; the cited study did not test these named formulas.

Professional applicationThe findings offer context for individualized conditioning, oil treatments, detangling systems, and grooming of long, fine, curly, or friction-prone coats.

04

Whittle et al. · August 29, 2024 · Scientific Reports, 14, article 20104

Healthy canine skin microbiome and breed-specific skin ecology

Metagenomic Characterisation of Canine Skin Reveals a Core Healthy Skin Microbiome

Research descriptionResearchers examined skin microbiomes in 72 healthy adult dogs representing four breeds and four anatomical locations. Metagenomic sequencing identified microorganisms and explored functional characteristics of the microbial communities.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Healthy canine skin contains a complex and diverse collection of microorganisms.
  • Microbial populations vary by breed and anatomical location.
  • Researchers identified a core microbiome shared across the study population.
  • The analysis provided species- and strain-level information beyond broad bacterial classification.
  • The study identified microbial functions relevant to skin ecology and interactions among resident microorganisms.

ONEDOG product applicationsMASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment — relevant to understanding the resident skin microbiome and microbial ecology. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — relevant to research on how individualized cleansing interacts with the skin environment. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — relevant to considering the relationship between the epidermal barrier and the skin-surface environment.

Professional applicationThe findings support considering anatomical differences and individual skin characteristics when developing cleansing routines and grooming education; they do not establish a microbiome effect for a particular product.

05

Discepolo et al. · August 9, 2023 · Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Repeated bathing and changes in canine skin microorganisms

Impacts to Canine Dermal Microbiota Associated with Repeated Bathing

Research descriptionSixteen Labrador retrievers underwent daily bathing with a 1.6% diluted dish-detergent solution for 14 days. Researchers collected 142 skin samples over a 49-day observation period and analyzed bacterial populations, microbial diversity, coat condition, and dandruff.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Repeated detergent bathing significantly changed the composition of the canine skin microbiome.
  • Relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria decreased.
  • Several microbial diversity measurements increased following repeated bathing.
  • Researchers identified associations between microbial composition, coat shine, coat condition, and dandruff.
  • Microbial communities had not returned to their original composition by the end of the observation period.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — the study provides context for cleansing agent selection and bathing intervals. BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser and NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — relevant to evaluating cleansing properties and frequency. MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment — the findings establish bathing as a factor to consider when studying canine microbial populations.

Professional applicationBathing schedules can be individualized around coat condition, skin characteristics, and cleansing needs. The study examined a specific detergent protocol, not the ONEDOG formulas.

06

Schlake et al. · February 2022 · Veterinary Dermatology, 33(1), 3–e2

Natural canine skin pH and differences across the body

Influence of Age, Sex, Body Condition Score, Rectal Temperature, Anatomical Location and Hair on Skin pH in Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers measured skin pH in 77 healthy dogs of different ages, sexes, and breeds. Measurements were taken from the inner ear, armpit, and groin, alongside records of hair characteristics, body condition, and temperature.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Puppies younger than 12 weeks had skin pH values from 3.97 to 5.70; dogs older than 12 weeks had values from 4.40 to 8.18.
  • Skin pH differed significantly by anatomical location.
  • In older dogs, the groin had a lower pH than the ears.
  • Sex and hair color were associated with differences in certain measurements.
  • Hair density and body condition were not significantly associated with skin pH in this study.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, and NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — the study supplies physiological context for canine cleansing-formula development. MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo — relevant to considering cleanser pH alongside conditioning ingredients.

Professional applicationThe results support formulation and use decisions that account for age and body location rather than assuming one skin-pH value applies to every dog.

07

Peña-Corona et al. · 2022 · Veterinaria México OA, volume 9

Physical and chemical evaluation of commercial canine shampoos

Quality Evaluation of Non-Medicated Commercial Shampoos for Dogs in Mexico City

Research descriptionResearchers evaluated 20 commercial nonmedicated canine shampoos through laboratory testing of physical, chemical, sensory, and performance characteristics.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Shampoo pH ranged from 5.6 to 8.4.
  • Viscosity ranged from 1,131 to 3,102 mPa·s; relative density ranged from 1.002 to 1.099 g/mL.
  • Foam measurements varied between products; approximately 95% formed closed-type foam.
  • Labeling deficiencies were identified across portions of the evaluated products.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser, and MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo — the study identifies measurable quality-control parameters relevant to canine cleansing preparations, including pH, viscosity, foam characteristics, consistency, and labeling.

Professional applicationThese measures can inform technical specifications and evaluation of cleansing products. The cited comparison did not test ONEDOG preparations.

08

Tanimizu, Goto, Komiyama, and Iyori · 2024 · Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology, 30(4), 203–209

Clinical evaluation of ceramide-containing canine bathing preparations

Efficacy of Ceramide-Containing Bath Products and Shampoos for Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionTwenty dogs with atopic dermatitis were randomly assigned to a ceramide-containing moisturizing bath product or ceramide-containing shampoo. Bathing occurred twice weekly for four weeks; all dogs also received oclacitinib. Researchers measured dermatitis severity, itching, and transepidermal water loss.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Both groups showed significant improvements in dermatitis severity at two and four weeks.
  • Itching scores improved significantly in both groups.
  • Transepidermal water loss improved at selected anatomical sites.
  • Some dogs had medication dosage reduced during the study without worsening clinical signs.
  • The authors identified both ceramide-containing bathing formats as potentially useful components of canine dermatological care.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — relevant to ceramide-based preparations. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — related to epidermal lipids and moisturizing protocol design. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo — relevant to multi-step routines that combine cleansing and a separate conditioning step.

Professional applicationThe study informs multi-step cleansing, moisturizing, and lipid-conditioning approaches. Its dogs received the study products alongside veterinary treatment; it is not a trial of these ONEDOG products.

09

Terashima et al. · Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology, 27(1), 3–10

Topical ceramide preparations and long-term canine dermatological care

Pilot Evaluation of the Oclacitinib Sparing Effect of Oral or Topical Ceramide Products in the Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionSixteen dogs with atopic dermatitis participated in an 84-day study examining ceramide preparations alongside established prescription treatment. Researchers compared combinations of oral and topical spray ceramides with topical spot-on ceramide preparations.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Dermatitis severity and itching were evaluated at three-week intervals.
  • Oclacitinib dosage was progressively reduced during the later study period.
  • Average dermatitis and itching scores did not significantly worsen following dosage reduction.
  • The researchers identified topical ceramide products as a potentially useful component of longer-term skin-care management.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — relevant to topical ceramide delivery and epidermal lipid support. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — related to ongoing skin-barrier care. MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to moisturizing regimens. ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum — a possible complementary hydration step in a layered skincare routine.

Professional applicationThe study provides context for consistent between-appointment skincare and topical preparations used alongside veterinary care.

10

Published clinical study · Canine clinical evaluation

Clinical use of a ceramide-based moisturizer for treating dogs with atopic dermatitis

Clinical Use of a Ceramide-Based Moisturizer for Treating Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionThe study investigated a topical moisturizer containing ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids in a 3:1:1 ratio, with borage oil, sodium hyaluronate, allantoin, niacinamide, and botanical ingredients. The preparation was adjusted to pH 7.0 for canine application and evaluated in dogs with atopic dermatitis over four weeks.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The tested formula brought ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids together with humectant and botanical ingredients in a single topical preparation.
  • The clinical evaluation examined its use in dogs with atopic dermatitis over four weeks.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — connection to ceramide, cholesterol, and fatty-acid formulation. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to lipid replenishment and moisturizing formulation. ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum — sodium hyaluronate hydration context. NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — botanical-fatty-acid research connection. BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum — relevant only to ingredients such as allantoin or botanicals if present in its verified formula.

Professional applicationThe study informs research into layered routines in which a humectant step is followed by lipid-rich moisturizing, and provides a canine-formulation comparison for pH.

11

Published comparative study · Canine dermatology research

Increased transepidermal water loss and decreased ceramide content in dogs with atopic dermatitis

Increased Transepidermal Water Loss and Decreased Ceramide Content in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionResearchers compared skin-barrier measurements in 10 dogs with atopic dermatitis and 30 healthy dogs, measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration, and intercellular epidermal lipids.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Healthy control skin averaged 12.3 g/m²/h TEWL; non-lesional atopic skin averaged 28.8 g/m²/h; lesional skin averaged 94.3 g/m²/h.
  • Hydration was significantly lower in affected skin.
  • The study identified changes in epidermal ceramide content alongside impaired barrier function.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — biological context for ceramides in the canine stratum corneum. ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — hydration and moisture-retention context. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — relevant to lipid organization and water loss.

Professional applicationTEWL and stratum-corneum hydration are objective measures that can inform veterinary-partnered evaluation of skin-care programs.

12

Published study · 2022 · Veterinary Sciences, 9(8), 390

Skin-barrier reinforcement by a natural-ingredient spot-on in a tape-stripping dog model

Skin Barrier Reinforcement Effect Assessment of a Spot-on Based on Natural Ingredients in a Dog Model of Tape Stripping

Research descriptionFive healthy beagles received a topical spot-on containing plant-derived essential fatty acids, ceramides, and essential oils in a controlled model of superficial skin-barrier disruption by tape stripping. TEWL and skin-surface hydration were monitored over four weeks.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The topical preparation reduced the increase in water loss following experimentally induced barrier disruption.
  • By weeks three and four, TEWL after stripping approached control values.
  • Skin-surface hydration was also measured, with changes observed during the study.

ONEDOG product applicationsASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — topical lipid and ceramide formulation connections. Shea Body Butter and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to emollient and multi-lipid formulation research. BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum and NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — ingredient connections depend on their verified compositions.

Professional applicationThe controlled model offers context for studying repeated topical lipid application and leave-on conditioning preparations.

13

Published laboratory study · Canine skin-equivalent research

Essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids in canine skin equivalents

Effects of Essential Oils and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Canine Skin Equivalents: Skin Lipid Assessment and Morphological Evaluation

Research descriptionResearchers created laboratory-grown canine skin equivalents from fibroblasts and keratinocytes collected from eight dogs. Reconstructed skin was treated with essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids, then examined for epidermal structure and ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Treated skin equivalents developed a thicker epidermis and more viable epidermal cell layers.
  • The stratum corneum appeared denser and more compact.
  • Ceramide measurements increased from 41.6 ± 1.4 in untreated samples to 51.7 ± 1.3 in treated samples.
  • Researchers observed changes in epidermal organization and lipid composition.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème, ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, Shea Body Butter, and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to investigation of topical lipid chemistry, plant-derived fatty acids, and epidermal structure.

Professional applicationCanine skin-equivalent methods can be used to investigate topical ingredients before broader clinical evaluation.

14

Published blinded, placebo-controlled trial · Eight-week canine study

Borage seed oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy

A Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study of Borage Seed Oil and Fish Oil in the Management of Canine Atopy

Research descriptionTwenty-one dogs with atopy participated in an eight-week trial. Two groups received oral borage seed oil and fish oil combinations at different doses; controls received olive oil. Researchers evaluated itching, redness, swelling, hair loss, and self-inflicted skin injury.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The higher-dose group showed significant reductions in redness, self-excoriation, and overall clinical scores.
  • The lower-dose group also showed a significant reduction in total clinical score.
  • The olive-oil control group did not show significant clinical improvement.
  • The study contributed to veterinary research on essential fatty acids in canine skin health.

ONEDOG product applicationsNISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — botanical connection, while noting that this trial studied oral borage seed oil, not a topical leaf cleanser. ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, Shea Body Butter, and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — broader fatty-acid biology context.

Professional applicationThe findings inform client education on essential-fatty-acid biology and the distinction between oral nutritional studies and topical grooming products.

15

Published randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study · 90-day supplementation · 180-day monitoring

Omega-3 fatty acids and poor-quality canine coats

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evaluation of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Dogs with Poor-Quality Coats

Research descriptionTwenty-four dogs with poor-quality coats received placebo or daily omega-3 oil capsules containing EPA and DHA for 90 days. Researchers monitored coat quality, fatty-acid incorporation, skin-surface lipids, and hair-shaft lipids over 180 days.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Coat-quality scores improved significantly in supplemented dogs beginning around day 60 and later plateaued.
  • EPA and DHA concentrations increased in red blood cell membranes by day 30.
  • Total lipid content on the hair shaft increased progressively.
  • Coat-quality improvements diminished after supplementation stopped.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, Shea Body Butter, and Shea Body Gel — lipid context for external coat conditioning. NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — relevance to measuring hair-fiber condition separately from appearance.

Professional applicationThis nutritional study helps explain why persistent coat-quality concerns may involve internal nutrition as well as external grooming and conditioning.

16

Published follicular study · 20 healthy beagles

Canine hair-cycle morphology and assessment criteria

The Canine Hair Cycle: A Guide for the Assessment of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Criteria

Research descriptionResearchers developed a classification system for canine hair-follicle growth stages using biopsies from 20 healthy beagles, examining at least 50 follicles per biopsy.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Canine follicles progress through anagen (active growth), catagen (transition), and telogen (resting) phases.
  • Stages were further classified using morphological characteristics and staining techniques.
  • In examined samples, approximately 30% of follicles were in anagen, 8% in catagen, and 27% in telogen; remaining follicles could not be confidently classified.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo and NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — biological context for distinguishing follicular growth from cosmetic conditioning of existing hair. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to care of existing coat fibers.

Professional applicationThe study supports coat education about growth and shedding cycles and helps distinguish follicular changes from changes to the hair shaft.

17

Published trichoscopy study · 13 healthy dogs · five-day observation

Hair-follicle parameters measured by digital trichoscopy in healthy dogs

Evaluation of Hair Follicle Parameters Using TrichoScale Pro in Healthy Dogs

Research descriptionThirteen healthy dogs underwent noninvasive trichoscopic imaging at three clipped anatomical sites over five days. Digital image analysis measured hair growth, follicular phases, hair thickness, and primary-to-secondary hair characteristics.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Mean hair growth was approximately 0.065 mm per day.
  • Growth measurements remained relatively consistent across the evaluated sites.
  • The method identified daily microscopic changes in hair length.
  • Researchers documented hair thickness and primary versus secondary hair populations.
  • Digital trichoscopy was identified as a potential method for monitoring coat growth and follicular changes.

ONEDOG product applicationsANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Conditioner, and AWAN Conditioning Mist — useful context for future documentation of coat condition over time.

Professional applicationStandardized photography and magnification can document hair length, density, shaft appearance, breakage, and regrowth across successive appointments.

18

Published morphometry study · 41 skin samples

Skin changes in Newfoundland dogs following coat clipping

Morphometry of Skin Changes in Newfoundland Dogs Following Coat Clipping

Research descriptionResearchers examined 41 skin samples from clipped Newfoundlands, unclipped Newfoundlands, and long-haired dogs of other breeds, investigating structural differences associated with coat-quality changes following clipping.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Previously clipped Newfoundlands had a significantly thicker cornified epidermal layer.
  • Sebaceous gland cells were smaller in the clipped group.
  • Epidermal structure and sebocyte size changes were associated with altered coat appearance.
  • The study examined potential explanations for loss of gloss, scaling, and texture changes after clipping.

ONEDOG product applicationsGIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer and ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — skin-conditioning context. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — relevant to cosmetic management of altered texture and gloss.

Professional applicationThe findings inform owner education about clipping history, skin condition, and long-term maintenance in Newfoundlands and other long-coated breeds.

19

Published canine study · 12 healthy dogs · hydration measured through 72 hours

Post-bathing hydration with occlusives, humectants, and physiological lipids

Effect of a Spray Containing Occlusive Agents, Humectants and Physiological Lipids on Skin Hydration After Bathing

Research descriptionTwelve healthy dogs were bathed with chlorhexidine/miconazole shampoo. Researchers applied a spray containing occlusive agents, humectants, and physiological lipids to one side of the body and measured hydration before treatment and at intervals through 72 hours.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Hydration increased significantly at the spray-treated site.
  • Hydration improved within one to two hours and peaked at approximately six hours.
  • Increased hydration remained detectable at 24 hours.
  • No treatment-related adverse effects were reported.

ONEDOG product applicationsABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum and AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to leave-on delivery and humectant research. GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, and AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — relevant to post-bathing moisturization and physiological lipids.

Professional applicationThis study is relevant to service protocols that consider applying a leave-on moisturizing preparation after bathing and monitoring hydration over time.

20

Published single-blinded, randomized, controlled study · Canine atopic dermatitis

Fine-bubble bathing compared with shampoo bathing in canine atopic dermatitis

Preliminary Evaluation of Commercial Shampoo and Fine-Bubble Bathing in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionResearchers compared fine-bubble bathing technology with conventional shampoo bathing in dogs with atopic dermatitis, assessing clinical skin condition, itching, TEWL, and skin-barrier measurements.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Fine-bubble bathing showed potential benefits in the study population.
  • TEWL decreased slightly in the fine-bubble group and increased slightly in the shampoo group.
  • No significant between-treatment differences were found in measured skin-barrier parameters.
  • The study introduced fine-bubble bathing as an alternative topical-care method for further investigation.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — context for comparing conventional cleansing with bathing technology. GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant to post-bathing hydration.

Professional applicationThe findings inform evaluation of water-based bathing technology and how different cleansing methods relate to barrier measurements.

21

Published study · 2025 · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Daily chlorhexidine application and canine skin-barrier effects

Daily Topical Application of Chlorhexidine Gluconate to Dogs and Its Impact on Skin Barriers and Cytotoxicity

Research descriptionResearchers applied chlorhexidine gluconate at 0.05%, 0.5%, and 4% to the skin of six healthy dogs daily for two weeks, measuring bacterial counts, TEWL, hydration, and cytotoxicity in canine epidermal cells.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Both 0.5% and 4% chlorhexidine significantly reduced bacterial counts.
  • Daily 4% application increased TEWL and reduced skin hydration.
  • The 0.5% concentration showed antimicrobial activity without the same measured barrier disruption in this study.
  • Laboratory testing identified concentration-dependent cellular effects.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser — context for evaluating cleansing strength, antimicrobial ingredients, and barrier compatibility. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo — comparison with routine cosmetic cleansing. MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment and ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — relevant to research on resident microorganisms and barrier-focused care.

Professional applicationThe study illustrates why concentration, frequency, and skin condition matter when selecting topical cleansing approaches.

22

Published canine study · 19 healthy French Bulldogs

Topical treatment and the nasomaxillary skin-fold microbiome in French Bulldogs

Effect of Topical Medication on the Nasomaxillary Skin-Fold Microbiome in French Bulldogs

Research descriptionResearchers characterized microbial populations in facial folds of 19 healthy French Bulldogs and compared a topical protease preparation, chlorhexidine solution, and untreated control using DNA sequencing.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Skin folds contained bacterial populations dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria.
  • The enzyme-treated group showed a 38% increase in microbial diversity; the chlorhexidine group showed an 11% increase.
  • Both topical-treatment groups showed reductions in the relative abundance of clinically relevant pathogens.
  • Microbial diversity was strongly associated with relative abundance of those organisms.

ONEDOG product applicationsMASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment — relevant to microbial ecology in facial folds. BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser — context for comparison with antimicrobial approaches. BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser — relevant to investigating gentle, individualized cleansing. MIIN Papaya Pumpkin Masque — enzyme-research context only; the study used a particular protease preparation, not papain or pumpkin enzymes.

Professional applicationSkin folds are distinct anatomical environments. The study informs specialized grooming education for French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, Pugs, Boston Terriers, and other fold-bearing dogs.

23

Published study · 67 client-owned dogs

Clipping blade size, skin redness, and bacterial counts

Evaluation of Bacterial Counts and Skin Redness After Clipping with Different Blade Sizes

Research descriptionSixty-seven client-owned dogs were clipped with two blade sizes on separate portions of a clipping site: a No. 10 blade left approximately 1.5 mm of hair and a No. 40 blade approximately 0.25 mm. Researchers assessed redness and bacterial populations.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Skin clipped with a No. 40 blade had a significantly higher incidence of redness after 24 hours.
  • Higher Micrococcaceae counts were observed on the No. 40 side.
  • Total bacterial colony-forming units did not differ significantly between blade sizes.
  • Blade selection was identified as relevant to skin irritation and microbial changes.

ONEDOG product applicationsASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, and BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum — relevant to post-grooming skin-care research. BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser — context for gentle cleansing before grooming procedures.

Professional applicationThe research is directly relevant to sanitary trims, paw-pad work, close clipping, and decisions about very short blade lengths.

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Published randomized, controlled feeding study · 2025 · Animals, 15(5), 686 · 43 senior dogs · 90 days

Trace-mineral source, haircoat quality, and activity in senior dogs

Effect of Supplemental Trace Mineral Source on Haircoat and Activity Levels in Senior Dogs

Research descriptionA randomized, controlled 90-day feeding study compared inorganic and amino-acid-complexed zinc, manganese, copper, and iron in 43 healthy senior dogs, including Rottweilers, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers. Researchers evaluated haircoat characteristics and activity.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study compared two supplemental trace-mineral sources in senior dogs.
  • Zinc and copper have roles in normal skin and hair biology; mineral availability and metabolism can influence pigmentation, keratinization, and growing-hair condition.
  • The research contributes to understanding internal nutritional factors associated with coat characteristics.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — useful context for distinguishing internally influenced hair quality from external cosmetic conditioning. AWAN Conditioning Mist — relevant to maintaining the appearance and manageability of existing fibers.

Professional applicationThe study can inform senior-dog coat assessment and client education about nutrition, age, and internal physiology.

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Published veterinary research review · 2024 · Veterinary Dermatology

Skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome, and host-defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis

Update on the Skin Barrier, Cutaneous Microbiome and Host Defence Peptides in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionThis review evaluated 49 publications from 2015–2023 concerning canine skin-barrier function, skin and ear microbiomes, and host-defence peptides, examining relationships among epidermal integrity, immune responses, microbial communities, and allergic skin disease.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Research areas included epidermal ceramide composition and metabolism, TEWL, filaggrin and epidermal structural proteins, cutaneous microbial dysbiosis, and antimicrobial peptides.
  • The review considered relationships between barrier function, microbial ecology, and inflammation.
  • It also addressed changes in skin and ear microbiomes.

ONEDOG product applicationsAMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème, ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum, MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer, NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — the review provides broad biological context for skin-care education and formulation questions.

Professional applicationA central reference for educational material on canine skin biology, the skin barrier, microbiome, and individualized skincare.

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Published canine study · Canine pyoderma model

Topical aloe vera ointment and canine skin tissue changes

Biochemical and Histopathological Changes Related to the Topical Application of Aloe Vera Ointment for Canine Pyoderma

Research descriptionResearchers investigated 20% and 40% aloe vera ointments in dogs with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus pyoderma, comparing biochemical measurements and microscopic skin changes among treatment groups, including a gentamicin ointment group.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The 40% aloe vera preparation was associated with faster improvement in measured skin-healing indicators.
  • Microscopic examination showed reductions in inflammatory changes.
  • Researchers evaluated epidermal damage, dermal collagen, swelling, and inflammatory-cell infiltration.
  • The study identified measurable tissue responses to the tested aloe preparations.

ONEDOG product applicationsDIBIK Aloe Azulene Gel Masque — the most direct ingredient connection if its confirmed formulation contains aloe. BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant only if their verified formulas include aloe-derived ingredients.

Professional applicationThe study informs the ingredient science of aloe and the importance of distinguishing concentration and preparation type. It studied a pyoderma model, not cosmetic grooming products.

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Published case reports · 2016 · Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 68(5)

Papain gel cream and sunflower oil in three canine wound cases

The Use of Papain Gel Cream and Sunflower Oil in Promoting Healing in Dogs: Three Case Reports

Research descriptionThree canine wound-care cases used papain gel-cream preparations and, in one case, sunflower oil. Papain is a papaya-derived proteolytic enzyme; the report describes medical wound care rather than cosmetic exfoliation.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Papain preparations were used for removal of necrotic tissue.
  • The cases documented wound debridement and subsequent tissue changes.
  • Different papain concentrations, including 3% and 5%, were described.
  • The report concerns medical wound care and does not establish cosmetic use or effects.

ONEDOG product applicationsMIIN Papaya Pumpkin Masque — an ingredient-research connection for papaya-derived preparations, not evidence for the masque. The case reports used papain gel cream in wound care; they do not test papaya extract or a cosmetic masque.

Professional applicationThe cases can inform educational material on papain chemistry and enzyme activity, while keeping medical wound debridement distinct from cosmetic grooming.

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Published morphology study · 73 dogs · scanning electron microscopy

Guard-hair morphology in four dog breeds

Preliminary Study of Guard Hair Morphology in Four Dog Breeds

Research descriptionResearchers examined guard hairs from Wire-haired Dachshunds, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs, and Yorkshire Terriers using scanning electron microscopy. Measurements included hair thickness, medulla structure, scale density, cuticle patterns, and cross-sectional characteristics.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Significant breed-associated differences appeared in every measured hair parameter.
  • Differences included shaft thickness, internal medulla characteristics, and external cuticle-scale patterns.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, and AWAN Conditioning Mist — relevant to coat-type-specific cleansing and conditioning questions. BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — a research direction for comparing lipid interaction across hair morphologies.

Professional applicationThe findings provide a structural basis for individualized coat-care categories rather than assuming one conditioning protocol fits every coat.

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Published clinical study · 2023 · Veterinary Sciences

Plant-extract shampoo and mousse protocol for chronic greasy seborrhea

Performance and Tolerance of a Protocol for Idiopathic Chronic Greasy Seborrhea in 18 Dogs Using a Shampoo and Mousse Containing Plant Extracts

Research descriptionIn a randomized, controlled 24-day study, 12 dogs with chronic greasy keratinization changes received one Ophytrium/Seboliance shampoo followed by eight mousse applications at 48–72-hour intervals; six dogs received a single water wash as the comparison. Researchers assessed clinical scores, natural moisturizing factors (NMF), and hair lipids.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The treated group’s clinical score fell 53% by day 7 and 91% by day 24; the control group’s scores remained broadly stable.
  • NMF levels fell 73% four hours after shampooing and returned to baseline from day 14; measured hair lipids also temporarily decreased after shampooing and returned to baseline by day 14.
  • No adverse effects were reported in this small study.
  • Because treatment involved both shampoo and repeated mousse while controls received water washing only, the study does not isolate either product’s contribution or establish superiority to other grooming protocols.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, AKI Earth & Sea Mud, BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser, MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment, AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist, and NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — relevant research directions for cleansing, oil management, and leave-on care. The study tested its own protocol, not these ONEDOG products.

Professional applicationFindings inform a possible Sebum & Coat Balance service framework involving assessment, cleansing, conditioning, and compatible between-bath maintenance.

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Takeo Minami and Yukitaka Okada · 1998 · Japanese Journal of Veterinary Dermatology, 4(2), 17–23

Colloidal oatmeal shampoo for pruritic canine dermatitis

Efficacy of Colloidal Oatmeal-Shampoo on Pruritic Canine Dermatitis

Research descriptionResearchers evaluated colloidal oatmeal shampoo in 12 dogs with itching associated with acute eczema, atopic dermatitis, or pyoderma. Dogs were bathed daily for 10 days, then approximately every five days for another 20 days depending on symptoms.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Dogs with mild itching experienced substantial improvement during the initial bathing period.
  • Moderate cases showed reduced itching, sometimes alongside reduced antipruritic medication.
  • Relief was shorter-lasting in severe or chronic cases.
  • The study contributed to veterinary literature on colloidal oatmeal as a topical skin-conditioning ingredient.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser — a comparison point for botanical-focused cleansing; oatmeal and chamomile have different constituents. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo — relevant to mild cleansing routines. MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum, and DIBIK Aloe Azulene Gel Masque — broader topical conditioning context.

Professional applicationThe study informs a Gentle Skin Comfort service concept emphasizing product selection, hydration, and individualized bathing schedules. It evaluates colloidal oatmeal shampoo, not ONEDOG products.

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Multicenter veterinary study · 2025 · Journal of Small Animal Practice · 34 dogs across 12 clinics

Ophytrium shampoo and leave-on mousse protocol for irritated, pruritic skin

Effect of a Standardised Ophytrium-Containing Shampoo and a Leave-On Mousse Protocol on Dogs with Irritated and Pruritic Skin

Research descriptionThe study evaluated 34 dogs with atopic skin conditions at 12 clinics in France, Spain, and the United States. The protocol combined an initial shampoo with eight leave-on mousse applications containing Ophytrium, an extract of Ophiopogon japonicus. Dogs were followed for 21 days using veterinary lesion scores and owner-reported itch assessments.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Average lesion-severity scores fell from 24.2 at baseline to 11.9 after 21 days.
  • About 61.8% of dogs had at least a 50% reduction in lesion severity.
  • Average itch scores fell from 5.3 to 3.6; about 44.1% had at least a 50% reduction in itching.
  • Veterinarians rated improvement satisfactory, good, or excellent in 66.7% of cases; 72.7% of owners reported satisfaction.
  • Mousse quantities were determined using coat length, coat density, and body weight.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, BAGOSE Keep It Calm Serum, MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment, ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum, ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant comparisons for botanical cleansing and structured leave-on care. This study tested an Ophytrium protocol, not these ONEDOG formulas.

Professional applicationThe protocol offers a reference for designing professional cleansing followed by structured at-home maintenance, with application amounts tailored to coat length, density, and body weight.

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International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals · September 28, 2026 · Veterinary Dermatology · e70128

Updated international guidelines for treating canine atopic dermatitis

Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Updated Guidelines From the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals

Research descriptionAn international veterinary dermatology guideline reviews clinical evidence on canine atopic dermatitis, including topical cleansing, skin-barrier maintenance, moisturizing ingredients, essential fatty acids, and long-term skincare regimens.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The guidance distinguishes reactive treatment of active lesions and itch from proactive maintenance intended to reduce future flares.
  • It says selected topical skin-barrier support may be considered as an adjunct, especially in some dogs with mild disease; evidence quality varies.
  • The guideline discusses mild bathing, humectants, linoleic acid, ceramide preparations, and essential fatty acids among a wider set of veterinary interventions.
  • Treatments are not universally required, interchangeable, or effective in every dog; selection depends on the individual case and veterinary assessment.

ONEDOG product applicationsABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum — hydration and humectant context. AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème and ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — epidermal lipids and barrier maintenance. MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — humectant/emollient formulation context. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser — mild and botanical cleansing context. MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment — skin-barrier and microbial-ecology context.

Professional applicationThis guideline can serve as a reference for professional education organized around cleansing, hydration, lipid conditioning, botanical skincare, and long-term maintenance, while veterinary diagnosis and treatment remain within veterinary care.

33

Tresch et al. · 2019 · BMC Veterinary Research

Medicinal plants in canine dermatology

Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Options for Topical Treatment in Canine Dermatology? A Systematic Review

Research descriptionThis systematic review examined chamomile, calendula, St. John’s wort, and sage in veterinary dermatology. Researchers screened 8,295 publications and assessed evidence from 145 references, including clinical, in-vivo, and laboratory studies across canine skin conditions.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The review identified antibacterial and antifungal activity across the plants, alongside wound-healing and anti-inflammatory findings for selected extracts.
  • Much of the evidence came from laboratory or non-canine studies.
  • The authors called for further clinical research rather than concluding that botanical preparations were established canine treatments.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIZAA Chamomile Cleanser — relevant botanical ingredient background and a rationale for studying chamomile in canine cosmetic cleansing. The review does not show that BIZAA treats dermatitis or bacterial infections.

Professional applicationSupports ingredient education that distinguishes botanical research and cosmetic conditioning from evidence for treating disease.

34

El Mihyaoui et al. · 2022 · Life

Chamomile phytochemistry and botanical activity

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.): A Review of Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Uses

Research descriptionThis review examined the chemical composition and reported biological activity of Matricaria chamomilla, identifying more than 120 constituents across chamomile essential oils and extracts.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Constituents discussed include α-bisabolol, chamazulene, apigenin, luteolin, and phenolic acids.
  • Extraction method, geographic origin, and plant material affect the resulting ingredient composition.
  • A water-based extract does not necessarily have the same constituents or concentrations as an essential oil.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIZAA Chamomile Cleanser — background for explaining chamomile phytochemistry and botanical conditioning. The actual extract type matters when connecting this research to a cosmetic formula.

Professional applicationUseful for an ingredient spotlight on chamomile chemistry, extraction, and why botanical identity alone does not specify a finished ingredient.

35

New et al. · 2018 · International Journal of Cosmetic Science

Hair combing forces, conditioning, and detangling

Measuring the Frequency of Consumer Hair Combing and Magnitude of Combing Forces on Individual Hairs in a Tress and the Implications for Product Evaluation and Claims Substantiation

Research descriptionResearchers measured mechanical forces on individual human hair fibers during combing under wet and dry conditions and compared bleached and unbleached hair.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Conditioner applied to wet, bleached hair substantially reduced the probability of significant combing loads in the tested samples.
  • The study demonstrates that conditioning can influence mechanical interactions between hair fibers and grooming tools.
  • The experiment measured human hair and did not quantify brushing-force reduction in canine coats.

ONEDOG product applicationsAWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — relevant to testing coat conditioning and detangling methods; the study did not test these ONEDOG products.

Professional applicationSupports ONEDOG’s low-tension grooming rationale and a canine-specific test framework for brushing force, coat condition, and conditioning.

36

Malinauskyte et al. · 2021 · International Journal of Cosmetic Science

Hydrolyzed keratin peptide molecular weight and hair-fiber conditioning

Penetration of Different Molecular Weight Hydrolysed Keratins into Hair Fibres and Their Effects on the Physical Properties of Textured Hair

Research descriptionResearchers examined hydrolyzed keratin peptides of different molecular weights in chemically relaxed human hair fibers.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Low-molecular-weight peptides (about 221 Da) and medium-molecular-weight peptides (about 2,577 Da) penetrated into the cortex under the experimental conditions.
  • High-molecular-weight material (about 75,440 Da) was primarily deposited on the fiber surface.
  • The findings show that molecular weight influences how protein-derived conditioning ingredients interact with hair.
  • The experiment does not demonstrate permanent repair or canine-formula penetration.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — relevant to peptide-size science and cosmetic conditioning, not evidence of the behavior of their specific ingredients.

Professional applicationSupports precise explanations distinguishing surface deposition, fiber interaction, and cosmetic conditioning from claims of permanent hair repair.

37

Published review · February 2026 · Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society

Shea butter composition and cosmetic applications

Shea Butter: A Comprehensive Review of Its Compositions, Processing, Applications, and Challenges

Research descriptionThis review examines shea butter composition, processing, applications, and challenges. Shea butter is obtained from kernels of Vitellaria paradoxa and is valued in cosmetics for its lipid-rich composition.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Its fatty-acid profile commonly includes substantial stearic and oleic acids, with smaller quantities of other fatty acids.
  • An unsaponifiable fraction can include triterpenes and other minor constituents.
  • Composition and properties vary with sourcing, processing, and refinement.

ONEDOG product applicationsGIZIIBIIG Shea + Marine Conditioning Cleanser and OSHKAYAA Shea Renewal Body Polish — ingredient-science context for shea-derived emollient roles. The exact behavior depends on whether a formula contains shea butter, shea oil, shea-derived surfactants, or other processed shea ingredients.

Professional applicationProvides ingredient background for distinguishing emollient conditioning in a cleanser from conditioning accompanying a polishing preparation; it is not canine clinical evidence for either finished product.

38

Zhang et al. · 2025 · Journal of Animal Science

Seaweed-extract supplementation in dogs

Effects of Supplemental Seaweed Extract on Antioxidant Properties, Loose Stools, Gut Microbiota, and Its Metabolite Composition in Adult Dogs

Research descriptionThirty Golden Retrievers were studied over 28 days. Groups received a standard diet, a standard diet with loose stools, or a diet supplemented with 2% seaweed extract. Researchers assessed stool quality, blood antioxidant markers, immune-related measures, intestinal-barrier markers, and gut microbiota.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Compared with the loose-stool control group, dogs receiving seaweed extract showed improved stool consistency.
  • The supplemented group had higher serum antioxidant-enzyme activities and lower malondialdehyde concentrations.
  • Researchers observed changes in selected immune measurements, intestinal microbial populations, and short-chain fatty-acid measurements.
  • The study tested oral dietary supplementation, not skin, coat, or topical products.

ONEDOG product applicationsZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, GICHI-GAMI Marine Mineral Shampoo, and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant background on marine-derived ingredients in canine research. The study does not establish that topical seaweed-containing grooming products affect canine skin barrier or inflammation.

Professional applicationAdds canine biological context for marine botanicals while clearly distinguishing oral supplementation research from topical cosmetic use.

39

Published canine study · 2013 · Veterinary Dermatology

Skin lipid profiling in normal and seborrhoeic Shih Tzu dogs

Skin Lipid Profiling in Normal and Seborrhoeic Shih Tzu Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers compared skin-surface lipids in seven Shih Tzus with seborrhea and seven healthy Shih Tzus. Samples from sebaceous glands, stratum corneum, and skin surface were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Sebaceous-gland extracts contained cholesterol esters, wax esters, and triglycerides; stratum-corneum-enriched samples contained predominantly ceramides.
  • Seborrheic dogs had significantly higher wax ester and triglyceride concentrations in skin-surface samples.
  • Total stratum-corneum ceramide quantities did not differ significantly between groups.
  • Two unidentified ceramide fractions, approximately 20% of total ceramides, appeared only in the seborrheic group.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser and BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — relevant to removal of surface lipids and debris. AKI Earth & Sea Mud — a research connection for mineral adsorption if its ingredients are characterized. MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment — relevant to skin ecology. AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème — connects the distinction between sebaceous surface lipids and stratum-corneum ceramides.

Professional applicationThe study distinguishes surface oil accumulation from epidermal barrier lipids. A greasy coat and the skin beneath it can present different cosmetic-care considerations.

40

Review article · March 13, 2026 · Veterinary Research Communications

Sebaceous-gland functions and lipid chemistry in domestic animals

Decoding Sebaceous Gland Functions and Diseases: Insights From Domestic Animals

Research descriptionThis review examines sebaceous-gland anatomy, lipid production, immune functions, and sebum composition in domestic animals, including canine skin.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Canine sebum contains complex wax esters and branched-chain fatty acids.
  • The review describes lipid composition including approximately 35% type 2a wax diesters and 42% stearoyl monoesters, drawing on earlier chemical analyses.
  • Sebaceous glands contribute to surface protection and interact with the skin immune environment.
  • Sebum composition differs among animal species.

ONEDOG product applicationsBIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser and BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — surface-lipid cleansing and oil-solubilization context. AKI Earth & Sea Mud — mineral-adsorption research, subject to its verified mineral content. NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser and Shea Body Butter — relevant to fatty-acid and post-cleansing conditioning chemistry.

Professional applicationThe review informs canine-specific cleansing formulation and protocols that distinguish oily coats, dry-feeling coats, and accumulated grooming residues.

41

Monika M. Welle · 2023 · Veterinary Pathology

Hair-follicle structure, morphogenesis, and regeneration

Basic Principles of Hair Follicle Structure, Morphogenesis, and Regeneration

Research descriptionThis review examines mammalian hair-follicle architecture, development, regeneration, and primary versus secondary follicles.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Primary follicles produce the heavier and lighter guard hairs of the outer coat; secondary follicles produce finer undercoat hairs.
  • Primary follicles are associated with sebaceous and apocrine glands; secondary follicles have different anatomical relationships.
  • Follicle development and cycling involve interactions among epithelial cells, dermal cells, and signaling pathways.
  • Guard hairs contribute to visible coat color and external coat characteristics.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo and NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — context for care of different hair populations. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to coat-layer conditioning and surface lubrication. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo — supports considering density when cleansing and rinsing.

Professional applicationThe review supports coat classifications based on follicular anatomy and fiber characteristics, including double, fine silky, curly, coarse wire, and short smooth coats.

42

Veterinary comparative anatomy and pathology reference · Scientific reference

Hair-follicle groups and coat architecture

The Integument: Hair Follicle Groups and Coat Architecture

Research descriptionThis reference describes mammalian skin, follicular groups, sebaceous glands, hair distribution, and species-specific coat architecture.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Dogs typically have compound follicular groups with primary follicles and multiple smaller secondary follicles.
  • Secondary-follicle populations vary among breeds; German Shepherd Dogs generally have more secondary follicles than some short-coated breeds.
  • Guard hairs form the outer coat and finer secondary hairs form the undercoat.
  • Hair shafts emerge at an angle, creating overlapping coat coverage; follicular density and distribution vary across body regions.

ONEDOG product applicationsNOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, AWAN Conditioning Mist, and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — coat-layer conditioning context. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo — relevant to cleansing dense coats. BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — a research connection for lipid distribution across hair surfaces.

Professional applicationFollicular architecture informs undercoat removal, coat density, drying requirements, and mechanical grooming. Protocols can be based on coat structure rather than breed names alone.

43

Diaz, Torres, Dunstan, and Lekcharoensuk · 2004 · Veterinary Dermatology, 15(1), 25–30

Canine hair regrowth after clipping for surgery

An Analysis of Canine Hair Re-Growth After Clipping for a Surgical Procedure

Research descriptionResearchers studied hair regrowth after surgical clipping in Labrador Retrievers, examining season, regrowth time, and follicular growth phases across spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Mean regrowth times were 14.6 weeks in spring, 14.5 in summer, 13.6 in autumn, and 15.4 in winter.
  • Seasonal differences in regrowth time were not statistically significant.
  • More than 80% of hairs were in telogen in each season; seasonal differences in the telogen-to-anagen ratio were not significant.
  • The study measured regrowth in indoor-housed Labrador Retrievers.

ONEDOG product applicationsNOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, and AWAN Conditioning Mist — cosmetic care of emerging and existing fibers. GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — skin-conditioning context after clipping.

Professional applicationThe measured timeline can inform coat-regrowth documentation and client education, with results interpreted in light of the studied breed and setting.

44

Published comparative study · 2012 · Veterinary Dermatology

Histological characteristics of canine noninflammatory alopecia

Canine Noninflammatory Alopecia: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Common and Distinguishing Histological Characteristics

Research descriptionResearchers compared biopsies from dogs with alopecia X, recurrent flank alopecia, hyperestrogenism, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and other primary alopecic disorders against control biopsies from dogs with different coat types.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Hair-cycle disorders were associated with more empty follicles in the kenogen phase.
  • Dogs with alopecia X had particularly low proportions of actively growing anagen follicles and increased proportions of telogen follicles.
  • The findings associated some hair-loss patterns with disrupted initiation of new growth cycles.

ONEDOG product applicationsMAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, and AWAN Conditioning Mist — relevant to cosmetic maintenance of existing hair, distinct from follicular growth.

Professional applicationUnusual regrowth patterns observed during grooming can be documented and referred for veterinary assessment; cosmetic products do not address the underlying follicular disorder.

45

Downing, Stranieri, and Strauss · 1982 · Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 79(4), 226–228

Accumulated skin lipids and sebum measurement using bentonite clay

The Effect of Accumulated Lipids on Measurements of Sebum Secretion in Human Skin

Research descriptionResearchers applied bentonite clay to defined areas of the foreheads of three human subjects in repeated three-hour intervals over 24 hours. Collected lipids were measured using thin-layer chromatography.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Bentonite clay collected measurable surface lipids.
  • The amount collected declined across successive sampling periods.
  • The study distinguished accumulated surface sebum from newly secreted sebum.
  • Average accumulated sebum was approximately 213 μg/cm²; subsequent sustained secretion averaged approximately 25 μg/cm²/h.

ONEDOG product applicationsAKI Earth & Sea Mud — relevant if its verified composition contains bentonite or a similarly characterized adsorbent. BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser provides a comparison with surfactant cleansing; BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser offers a different cleansing mechanism. BINGWI Shea Body Polish is a separate polishing concept, not a clay treatment.

Professional applicationThis human-skin study provides a method concept for mineral adsorption, distinct from surfactant cleansing. It does not establish performance on canine skin or ONEDOG products.

46

Expert-panel safety assessment · 2026 · International Journal of Toxicology

Safety assessment of naturally sourced clays used in cosmetics

Amended Safety Assessment of Naturally-Sourced Clays as Used in Cosmetics

Research descriptionAn expert panel reviewed physical properties, cosmetic functions, and toxicological information for eight naturally sourced clay ingredients used in cosmetics.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The reviewed clays function primarily as absorbents and bulking agents, among other cosmetic uses.
  • Kaolin was assessed separately from other naturally sourced clays.
  • Ingredient identity, concentration, formulation format, and exposure route were considered.
  • The assessment is a technical reference for mineral ingredients as cosmetic materials.

ONEDOG product applicationsAKI Earth & Sea Mud — relevant to identifying its actual mineral ingredients and technical properties. BINGWI Shea Body Polish — comparison with other mineral-based cosmetic materials; not an assertion that it contains clay.

Professional applicationThe assessment informs technical specifications such as mineral identity, particle characteristics, consistency, dispersion, and rinsing behavior.

47

Published canine and laboratory study · Canine topical research

Linoleic-acid soap and ultrapure soft water in canine cleansing

Linoleic Acid Salt With Ultrapure Soft Water as an Antibacterial Combination Against Dermato-Pathogenic Staphylococcus Species

Research descriptionResearchers investigated a linoleic-acid-based soap formulated with ultrapure soft water, including antibacterial tests against staphylococcal species and shampoo application in dogs with naturally occurring itchy dermatitis.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Linoleic acid salt showed antibacterial activity against tested Staphylococcus species.
  • The combination with ultrapure soft water was investigated as a cleansing preparation.
  • Dogs receiving the linoleic-acid-containing soap showed improvements in clinical skin-condition measurements.
  • The research connects fatty-acid soap chemistry with canine cleansing and skin microbiology.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser, and BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser — relevant to cleanser chemistry and comparison of cleansing systems. ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — potential comparison for performance under different water conditions.

Professional applicationThe study raises water quality as a formulation and service variable. Mineral content can affect soap and surfactant solubility, dilution, foaming, rinsing, and residue.

48

Published hair-materials study · 1977 · Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan, 11(2), 5–11

Hair and brushing: mechanical effects on the hair fiber

Hair and Brushing

Research descriptionResearchers examined brushing and combing effects on hair, focusing on cuticle damage, force, friction, and conditioning. The study used human hair and serves as a materials-science reference for canine-specific testing.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Brushing could lift and strip cuticle scales from the hair shaft.
  • Damage increased with brushing and combing force.
  • Conditioning reduced observed mechanical damage; under tested conditions, conditioning combined with reduced force lowered damaged-hair counts to less than one-tenth of the original level.
  • Brush design and technique also influenced friction and cuticle damage.

ONEDOG product applicationsAWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to testing friction reduction before brushing. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — relevant to conditioning before detangling. Shea Body Gel and BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — related formulation questions about lubrication and deposition.

Professional applicationSupports careful investigation of brush design, applied force, conditioning, and visible fiber damage. Canine-specific performance requires canine hair testing.

49

W. Küpper · 1974 · Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 87(12), 231–233

Surface structure of the canine split hair

Surface Structure of the Canine Split Hair: Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies

Research descriptionThis veterinary publication examined split and broken canine hairs using scanning electron microscopy, focusing on the external morphology of damaged hair shafts.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Scanning electron microscopy permits detailed examination of cuticle surfaces and damaged hair shafts.
  • The publication provides a canine-specific reference for investigating split and broken hair as structural damage.

ONEDOG product applicationsANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — relevant to distinguishing cosmetic surface conditioning from repair of a broken fiber. NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner and AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist — relevant to research on surface deposition and reducing further mechanical wear. Shea Body Butter is a lipid-conditioning comparison.

Professional applicationCan inform a coat-damage assessment framework that records splitting, roughness, breakage, and cuticle wear.

50

Tumiłowicz et al. · 2018 · Veterinary Dermatology, 29(4), 332–e116

Guard-hair morphology in four dog breeds

Preliminary Study of Guard Hair Morphology in Four Dog Breeds

Research descriptionResearchers used scanning electron microscopy to examine guard hairs from 73 Wire-haired Dachshunds, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd Dogs, and Yorkshire Terriers. This is the same study represented by entry 28; this entry supplies the publisher and DOI links requested for this research collection.

Detailed scientific findings
  • All measured hair characteristics differed significantly among the breed groups.
  • Differences included cuticle scale density, shape, and margins; shaft thickness; the proportion of the shaft occupied by medulla; and medulla organization.

ONEDOG product applicationsAWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, and BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — relevant to studying surface conditioning and product distribution across different hair morphologies.

Professional applicationSupports coat classifications based on fiber morphology, including cuticle structure and shaft diameter, rather than length alone.

51

Published hair-mechanics study · 2024 · Journal of the Royal Society Interface

The biomechanics of splitting hairs

The Biomechanics of Splitting Hairs

Research descriptionThis materials-science research examines hair fracture under tension, bending, shear, friction, and repeated mechanical loading, including how tangled fibers respond to combing. The work focuses on human-hair mechanics and offers a framework for canine-specific testing.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The cuticle protects the cortex; abrasion can remove scales and expose deeper structures.
  • Tangling creates areas of tight curvature, and combing can move concentrated stresses along the shaft.
  • Repeated brushing creates cyclic loading that may contribute to fatigue fracture.
  • Wetting changes hydrogen-bond interactions and hair mechanics.
  • Cuticle damage can increase friction and make later tangling more likely.

ONEDOG product applicationsAWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist and NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner — relevant to studying friction and combability. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — relevant to pre-detangling conditioning. BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — a formulation connection to surface lubrication.

Professional applicationSupports low-force, small-section detangling, coat support, and avoidance of forceful pulling as mechanically meaningful practices; canine-specific effects remain a testable question.

52

Ferreira et al. · 2022 · Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 51

Stress in dogs during grooming in a pet shop

Stress in Dogs During Grooming in a Pet Shop

Research descriptionResearchers evaluated 55 professional grooming appointments, measuring behavioral responses, physiological parameters, and blood components across six stages from transportation through return home.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Behavioral and physiological changes were especially apparent upon arrival and during drying.
  • Dogs responded differently at different stages of grooming.
  • Employee characteristics influenced canine behavior.
  • Cortisol, glucose, and leukocyte measurements added information about stress responses.

ONEDOG product applicationsThis study informs the grooming context in which ONEDOG products are applied rather than the efficacy of any particular formula. It is relevant to individualized bathing, drying, and conditioning routines.

Professional applicationSupports stage-specific behavioral observation, individualized drying protocols, and documentation of which parts of grooming each dog finds most difficult.

53

Dean S. Hart and Sara J. Hart · 2026 · Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Behavioural suppression and autonomic stress responses during routine grooming

Behavioural Suppression and Autonomic Stress Responses in Dogs During Routine Grooming Procedures

Research descriptionResearchers evaluated autonomic stress responses and behavioral suppression during successive grooming stages. Heart-rate variability assessed autonomic activity, while behavioral observations tracked dogs’ responses to handling.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Heart-rate variability decreased progressively during several grooming procedures.
  • Drying produced the lowest measured parasympathetic activity.
  • Behavioral suppression increased during restraint, nail trimming, and drying.
  • Reduced movement was associated with physiological stress indicators.
  • Responses differed with age, prior adverse experiences, and brachycephalic characteristics.

ONEDOG product applicationsThis evidence concerns grooming procedures and handling, not product efficacy. It is relevant to how cleansing, conditioning, and finishing products are applied during an individualized session.

Professional applicationA motionless dog is not necessarily comfortable. The study supports assessing body language, adapting drying, and recognizing behavioral suppression rather than interpreting stillness as relaxation.

54

Wess et al. · 2022 · Applied Animal Behaviour Science

Cooperative-care training and canine participation during veterinary examination

Effect of Cooperative Care Training on Physiological Parameters and Compliance in Dogs Undergoing a Veterinary Examination

Research descriptionA blinded controlled study enrolled 47 dogs, with 40 completing. Dogs were assigned to cooperative-care training or control; the training group had approximately ten structured sessions plus home practice. Researchers measured heart rate, heart-rate variability, tympanic temperature, and compliance during veterinary examinations.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study tested whether cooperative-care training affected physiological stress and willingness to participate.
  • Heart rate and heart-rate variability reflected arousal during examination.
  • The trained group did not consistently outperform controls on every measure.
  • Some temperature measurements suggested changes in stress-related responses after training.
  • The research established a controlled model for studying voluntary participation in husbandry and examination.

ONEDOG product applicationsThis study informs cooperative grooming and the context in which ONEDOG products are applied, not the efficacy of a product. It provides a framework for evaluating voluntary positioning and handling.

Professional applicationCan inform training for voluntary paw presentation, chin rests, brushing, and short grooming procedures with opportunities for the dog to disengage.

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Published study · 2023 · Animals, 13(7), 1253

Collaborative handling and canine physiological stress measurements

Effects of Changing Veterinary Handling Techniques on Canine Behaviour and Physiology, Part 1: Physiological Measurements

Research descriptionTwenty-eight dogs attended four veterinary visits over eight weeks. Fourteen received low-stress collaborative handling and 14 continued routine handling. Researchers measured serum cortisol, heart rate, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and creatine kinase.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Cortisol declined across repeated visits in both groups.
  • The collaborative-care group showed a significantly greater cortisol reduction between the first and fourth visits.
  • A composite physiological stress index improved significantly in the intervention group; the control group did not show the same significant change.
  • The study connected adaptive handling and collaboration with measurable physiological responses.

ONEDOG product applicationsThis handling study applies across grooming services rather than to a particular ONEDOG formula. It informs when and how products are introduced during a dog-led appointment.

Professional applicationSupports predictable sequences, voluntary participation, individualized handling, breaks, and gradual introduction of equipment.

56

Published crossover study · 11 dogs · four-week treatment periods

Ultrapure soft-water shampoo treatment for canine pruritus

Pilot Evaluation of Shampoo Treatment With Ultrapure Soft Water for Canine Pruritus

Research descriptionEleven dogs participated in a crossover study comparing weekly shampoo bathing with ultrapure soft water against ordinary tap water over four-week treatment periods.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Ultrapure soft-water bathing significantly reduced itching scores, dermatitis scores, and transepidermal water loss.
  • Tap-water treatment did not produce the same significant changes.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, and other ONEDOG cleansers — the study makes water quality a relevant variable when considering bathing outcomes; it did not test these product formulas.

Professional applicationRelevant to assessing water chemistry in mobile grooming and separating water-quality effects from shampoo-formula effects.

57

Published clinical study · 19 dogs · bathing on days 0, 7, and 14

Artificially carbonated-water bathing for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis

Clinical Efficacy of Artificially Carbonated Water Bathing on Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis in Dogs

Research descriptionNineteen dogs with bacterial folliculitis received carbonated-water or tap-water bathing on days 0, 7, and 14.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The carbonated-water group showed greater improvement in clinical scores.
  • Skin-surface pH decreased after carbonated bathing.
  • Laboratory testing did not show significant direct inhibition of the bacterial isolates.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — relevant to studying bathing-water conditions independently of shampoo formulation.

Professional applicationProvides a comparison for studying how water pH and bathing method relate to outcomes; this was a clinical study of folliculitis, not an ONEDOG product trial.

58

Published preliminary study · Six healthy beagles · single 20-minute bath at 37°C

Carbonated-water bathing and canine skin-barrier physiology

A Preliminary Investigation of the Impact of Artificially Carbonated Water Bathing on Canine Skin Physiological and Barrier Function

Research descriptionResearchers evaluated six healthy beagles after a single 20-minute bath in carbonated water at 37°C.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Skin blood flow increased significantly.
  • Skin temperature, body temperature, hydration, and transepidermal water loss did not change significantly.

ONEDOG product applicationsWater-based bathing and spa protocols across ONEDOG services; the study informs separation of blood-flow observations from hydration or barrier outcomes.

Professional applicationA research comparison for water-based spa treatments and physiological measures, not a product-efficacy result.

59

Published sequencing study · 48 samples from eight regions of six healthy dogs; 16 inflamed-skin samples

Canine skin microbiome by anatomical region and inflammatory status

The Skin Microbiome on Healthy and Inflammatory Altered Canine Skin Determined by Next Generation Sequencing

Research descriptionResearchers compared microbial samples from eight anatomical regions of six healthy dogs with samples from inflamed skin using next-generation sequencing.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Microbial composition differed among anatomical regions and individual dogs.
  • The interdigital region showed relatively high microbial diversity.
  • Inflamed samples often had increased relative abundance of Staphylococcus species and reduced diversity.

ONEDOG product applicationsMASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment and BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser — relevant to research and education about microbial ecology. NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, and ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser — relevant to area-specific cleansing protocols.

Professional applicationSupports treating paws, facial areas, folds, abdomen, and trunk as distinct anatomical contexts when planning grooming and maintenance.

60

Published sequencing study · 20 clinically healthy dogs

Bacterial flora on the abdominal skin of healthy dogs

Quantification of the Bacterial Flora and Its Major Constituents on the Abdominal Skin of Clinically Healthy Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers used skin sampling and genetic sequencing to measure bacterial density on the abdominal skin of 20 healthy dogs.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Median bacterial density was approximately 110,000 organisms per square centimeter, with substantial variation among dogs.
  • The study identified common bacterial constituents of healthy canine skin.

ONEDOG product applicationsMASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, and routine ONEDOG cleansing products — relevant to skin-microbiome education and hygiene practices.

Professional applicationThe research underscores that healthy skin naturally supports microbial populations; cosmetic cleansing is about appropriate hygiene, not eliminating all microorganisms.

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Published canine formulation study · 2021 · Journal of Animal Clinical Medicine

Shampoo moisturizing effects assessed by repeated open testing

Investigation of Shampoo Moisturizing Effect Using Repeated Open Testing

Research descriptionResearchers tested four shampoo preparations on seven healthy dogs, including a sodium laureth sulfate formulation, a polyglyceryl-10 laurate formulation, and a preparation containing polyquaternium-10. They measured transepidermal water loss and skin hydration after repeated exposure.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The sodium laureth sulfate preparation significantly increased transepidermal water loss compared with rinsing alone.
  • The polyglyceryl-10 laurate formulation produced less barrier disruption than the sodium laureth sulfate preparation.
  • The polyquaternium-10 preparation also reduced the increase in water loss.
  • Skin-hydration measurements did not differ significantly among shampoo groups.

ONEDOG product applicationsNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser, and MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo — relevant to considering complete surfactant systems rather than relying on “botanical” positioning alone.

Professional applicationProvides a comparative framework for evaluating cleanser formulations under consistent repeated-washing and measurement conditions; the study did not test ONEDOG products.

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Published canine hair-sample study · 2004 · The Journal of Nutrition

UV light, temperature, and humidity effects on canine hair color

UV Light, Temperature, and Humidity Effects on White Hair Color in Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers exposed canine hair samples of different colors to controlled ultraviolet light, temperature, and humidity conditions. Digital image analysis and color-measurement systems assessed hair color and brightness.

Detailed scientific findings
  • UV exposure measurably increased brightness in white, cream, and reddish canine hair.
  • White-hair brightness increased from approximately 156 to 208 measurement units after 50 hours of UV irradiation.
  • Cream and reddish hair also showed statistically significant changes.
  • High humidity and elevated temperature decreased the brightness of white hair samples.
  • The experiments measured hair samples under controlled exposure conditions, not cosmetic products.

ONEDOG product applicationsANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, AWAN Conditioning Mist, and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer — relevant to coat-condition documentation and product research, not evidence that these preparations prevent UV-related changes.

Professional applicationSupports standardized color photography and tracking changes in white and cream coats over successive grooming appointments, especially where sun and coastal exposure are relevant.

63

Published hair-mechanics study · Repeated brushing and combing experiments

Statistical analysis of hair breakage during repeated grooming

A Statistical Analysis of Hair Breakage. II. Repeated Grooming Experiments

Research descriptionResearchers developed a statistical method for evaluating hair breakage during repeated brushing and combing, treating grooming as a mechanical-fatigue process and using Weibull modeling to estimate breakage probability. The study used human hair.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Repeated brushing and combing can propagate microscopic flaws in hair fibers.
  • Breakage can be evaluated statistically as a fatigue phenomenon.
  • Conditioning delayed breakage in the tested hair samples.
  • The method compares brushing and conditioning conditions and models survival probability of fibers.

ONEDOG product applicationsAWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque — candidates for a future comparative test alongside an untreated control. BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser — relevant to investigating surface lubrication.

Professional applicationA canine-specific study design could record brush passes, applied force, and broken fibers. The cited work provides a method model, not direct evidence about canine coats or ONEDOG formulas.

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Published canine study · 2010 · Veterinary Dermatology · 14 anatomical regions

Biophysical mapping of canine skin

Mapping of the Dog Skin Based on Biophysical Measurements

Research descriptionResearchers measured skin pH, hydration, and transepidermal water loss across 14 anatomical regions in five healthy beagles.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Water loss was highest at the footpads and head and lowest in the groin.
  • Hydration was higher around the ears.
  • Skin pH varied by region, with higher values along the lower back and tail.

ONEDOG product applicationsASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream — relevant to research into site-specific skin conditioning. NIBI, BIZAA, and other cleansers — relevant to area-specific cleansing protocols.

Professional applicationSupports separate paw, facial, body, and coat-care considerations rather than assuming every anatomical region has identical skin measurements.

65

Published canine study · 149 healthy dogs

Skin biophysical parameters by age, sex, and breed in dogs

Variations in Skin Biophysical Parameters With Age, Sex and Breed in Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers measured skin hydration, pH, and sebum content in 149 healthy dogs and compared parameters across age, sex, and breed.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Dogs older than 13 years had significantly lower skin hydration than certain younger groups.
  • The study identified breed-associated differences in hydration and pH, including differences among Beagles, Maltese, and Miniature Poodles.

ONEDOG product applicationsMINO Intensive Rescue Cream, ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum, and ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve — relevant to research on age- and breed-informed conditioning choices.

Professional applicationInforms future senior-dog and breed-specific assessments. Product choices should be guided by an individual dog’s observed condition and verified product directions.

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Published canine study · 1997 · Veterinary Dermatology

The canine-coat microclimate during heating

The Microclimate of the Canine Coat: The Effects of Heating on Coat and Skin Temperature and Relative Humidity

Research descriptionResearchers investigated temperature and relative humidity within the canine coat during heating.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study measured changes in temperature and relative humidity in the coat and at the skin during heating.
  • The work highlights the value of measuring conditions beneath the coat rather than relying only on dryer outlet temperature.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to grooming protocols rather than a specific product: dense double coats, bathing, drying, and conditioning routines.

Professional applicationProvides a research direction for measuring the under-coat microclimate during forced-air drying and adapting procedures to coat density.

67

Published hair-fiber study · Canine hair samples

Assessment of heat damage in animal hair

The Creation of an Assessment Tool for the Analysis of Two Forms of Heat Damage in Animal Hair

Research descriptionResearchers exposed canine hair samples to controlled heat and examined structural changes using microscopy.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Heat exposure produced measurable cuticle-scale damage, discoloration, bubbling, fractures, and medulla changes.
  • Damage patterns varied with temperature and heating method.
  • The study used experimental heat exposures, not ordinary grooming-dryer temperatures.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to grooming and drying protocols rather than a specific ONEDOG product. ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and AWAN Conditioning Mist may be considered in separate coat-conditioning research, not as proven protection from thermal damage.

Professional applicationA technical reference for examining heat-related structural damage and developing evidence-informed drying procedures.

Applied reference

Published acoustic study · Professional grooming equipment research

Noise impacts from professional dog-grooming forced-air dryers

Noise Impacts From Professional Dog Grooming Forced-Air Dryers

Research descriptionResearchers measured sound levels from four professional grooming dryers at a distance of one meter.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Measured sound ranged from approximately 94.8 to 108.0 dBA.
  • Several dryer models produced approximately 105–108 dBA.
  • The findings demonstrated substantial occupational noise exposure for groomers.
  • The publication discussed hearing protection and differences among dryer models.

ONEDOG product applicationsThis reference informs the environment in which ONEDOG cleansing and conditioning protocols are delivered, rather than product efficacy.

Professional applicationSupports measuring noise inside the mobile grooming unit, considering equipment placement and quieter options where practical, and including noise in individualized drying protocols.

Applied reference

Veterinary clinical review · 2026 · Canadian Veterinary Journal

Shampoo therapy in veterinary dermatology: benefits and practical tips

Shampoo Therapy in Veterinary Dermatology: Benefits and Practical Tips

Research descriptionThis clinical review examines how product selection, bathing technique, water temperature, dilution, contact time, rinsing, drying, and conditioning affect skin and coat care.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Cleansing removes surface debris, microorganisms, allergens, and accumulated skin materials.
  • Dilution affects spreading and contact with the skin; temperature affects comfort, particularly for irritated dogs.
  • Thorough rinsing helps prevent cleanser residue.
  • Coat length and density influence how shampoo reaches the skin.
  • Leave-on conditioners may be incorporated into post-bathing protocols; gentle handling during bathing and drying is part of skin care.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant across ONEDOG cleansing preparations, including NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, and post-bath preparations such as AWAN Conditioning Mist and GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer.

Professional applicationThis reference connects formulation science with practical service protocols for product selection, dilution, rinsing, temperature, drying, and conditioning.

68

Matsuda et al. · 2025 · Veterinary Dermatology, 36(3), 283–290

Ozone water and canine skin bacteria and barrier function

Ozone Water Has Antibacterial Properties in Dogs Without Skin Barrier Impairment

Research descriptionSmall experimental study comparing purified water, 3 mg/L ozonated water, and sodium hypochlorite preparations. Four beagles were included in bacterial testing and six in barrier testing; canine epidermal keratinocytes were also studied in vitro.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Ozonated water reduced recoverable skin bacteria in the tested protocol.
  • Daily application over two weeks did not worsen measured TEWL or skin-surface hydration.
  • Ozone water did not inhibit cultured canine epidermal-cell proliferation in the laboratory test, unlike the tested sodium hypochlorite concentrations.
  • The authors describe potential for further research; this was not a clinical trial for naturally occurring infection.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant as an emerging water-treatment and hydrotherapy research topic, not evidence for an ONEDOG hydrotherapy system or product. Do not recommend home ozone generation or unsupervised antimicrobial use; ozone gas exposure can pose respiratory hazards.

Professional applicationA preliminary comparison point for professionally controlled water-based cleansing research. Clinical use, concentration, delivery, exposure, and respiratory safety require qualified oversight.

69

Verschuuren et al. · 2022 · Veterinary Dermatology, 33(6), 553–558

Slow-release melatonin implants and recurrence of canine flank alopecia

The Efficacy of Subcutaneous Slow-Release Melatonin Implants in the Prevention of Canine Flank Alopecia Recurrence Is Uncertain: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Research descriptionA double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated preventive slow-release melatonin implants in 21 dogs with previous seasonal canine flank alopecia; 17 dogs were included in the final efficacy comparison.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Recurrence categories did not differ significantly between melatonin and placebo groups at the final assessment.
  • The study did not provide evidence that the tested implant reliably prevented recurrence.
  • Mild transient injection-site swelling occurred in three of eight melatonin-treated dogs.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to distinguishing medical hair-cycle disorders from cosmetic coat breakage and to avoiding promises that grooming products, supplements, or rituals can prevent hormonally or cyclically associated hair loss.

Professional applicationSeasonal or patterned hair loss should be documented and referred for veterinary assessment; treatment decisions are medical, not cosmetic.

70

Frank, Donnell, and Kania · 2006 · Veterinary Dermatology, 17(4), 252–258

Estrogen-receptor findings in Pomeranians with hair-cycle arrest

Oestrogen Receptor Evaluation in Pomeranian Dogs with Hair Cycle Arrest (Alopecia X) on Melatonin Supplementation

Research descriptionFifteen Pomeranians with hair-cycle arrest had skin biopsies before and after three months of melatonin supplementation. Researchers assessed follicular histology and estrogen-receptor-alpha staining.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Histology commonly showed few small anagen bulbs and patterns of follicular keratinization, among other findings.
  • Six dogs had mild-to-moderate hair regrowth; biopsies in six showed increased anagen hairs.
  • Hair regrowth was not associated with a change in estrogen-receptor-alpha staining.
  • The study describes associations and histology; it does not establish a simple hormonal cause or a grooming treatment.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to educational distinctions among hair-shaft damage, shedding, and follicular-cycle disorders. It does not support hair-growth or hormone-related claims for cosmetic products.

Professional applicationUnexpected patterned alopecia or delayed regrowth requires veterinary investigation and appropriate differential diagnosis.

71

Sánchez de Santiago et al. · 2021 · BMC Veterinary Research, 17, 346

A diet enriched with antioxidants, polyphenols, and omega-3s in canine atopic dermatitis

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Measuring the Effect of a Dietetic Food on Dermatologic Scoring and Pruritus in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionForty client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis were randomized to an enriched diet or control diet for 60 days. The test diet combined antioxidants, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The enriched-diet group’s CADESI-4 lesion score fell 49% from baseline by day 60.
  • Owner-reported itch scores fell 46.4% from baseline in the enriched-diet group; the control group’s reduction was not statistically significant within that group.
  • The trial assessed a complete diet, so it cannot attribute effects to any one nutrient or ingredient.
  • Nutrition is one part of veterinary management; these results do not demonstrate effects from topical grooming products.

ONEDOG product applicationsProvides context for discussing internal nutrition alongside external grooming and conditioning. It does not substantiate a claim for any ONEDOG topical preparation or dietary supplement.

Professional applicationPersistent coat or skin changes may have internal as well as external contributors; nutrition questions and atopic dermatitis management belong with the veterinarian.

72

Noli et al. · 2024 · Veterinary Sciences, 11(6), 229

Adelmidrol-based mousse and shampoo protocol for seborrhea associated with canine atopic dermatitis

Effects of a Protocol Combining a Non-Irritating Shampoo and an Adelmidrol-Based Adsorbent Mousse on Seborrhoea and Other Signs and Symptoms Secondary to Canine Atopic Dermatitis: A Multicenter, Open-Label Uncontrolled Clinical Trial

Research descriptionAn open-label, uncontrolled multicenter study evaluated 46 dogs with atopic-dermatitis-associated signs using a gentle shampoo and twice-daily mousse containing adelmidrol, tapioca starch, and an antimicrobial complex.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Mean seborrhea index decreased from 4.1 to 1.9 by day 14; mean pruritus score decreased from 6.6 to 3.8.
  • Lesion and cytology scores also improved during the protocol.
  • Because the study lacked a placebo or shampoo-only control and used multiple ingredients and steps, it cannot establish the independent effect of adelmidrol or any one component.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to research on rinse-off cleansing paired with leave-on oil- or moisture-management products. The study tested its own medicinally positioned protocol, not ONEDOG preparations such as BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser.

Professional applicationUseful comparative context for oily-skin service design, but clinical seborrhea and itch require veterinary evaluation and treatment guidance.

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Amado Martins et al. · 2024 · PLOS ONE, 19(6), e0304605

Photobiomodulation and melatonin for Alopecia X: a trial protocol

Comparison Between Melatonin Versus Melatonin and Photobiomodulation Versus Photobiomodulation in the Treatment of Alopecia X in German Spitz Dogs: Clinical, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Non-Inferiority Protocol

Research descriptionA publication describing a planned randomized clinical study of 60 German Spitz dogs with Alopecia X, comparing melatonin, photobiomodulation, and their combination over 90 days.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The protocol planned to measure hair density and diameter using dermatoscopy and standardized imaging.
  • It describes planned methods and outcomes, not completed trial results or proof of hair regrowth.
  • Photobiomodulation remains an investigational topic in this canine condition based on this protocol publication.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to future education about follicular biology and emerging technologies, not evidence that light treatment or ONEDOG cosmetic products restore hair growth.

Professional applicationClearly label protocols as planned research; do not present them as demonstrated treatment efficacy. Hair loss should be assessed by a veterinarian.

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Yoon, Nishifuji, and Iwasaki · 2020 · Veterinary Dermatology, 31(5), 419–e112

EPA and linoleic acid effects on ceramide production in canine keratinocytes

Supplementation with Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Linoleic Acid Increases the Production of Epidermal Ceramides in In Vitro Canine Keratinocytes

Research descriptionA cell-culture experiment exposed canine keratinocytes to EPA and linoleic acid and measured ceramide subclasses and gene expression related to ceramide metabolism.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The combined fatty-acid exposure increased several measured ceramide subclasses and total ceramides compared with vehicle.
  • Expression of glucosylceramide synthase mRNA also increased.
  • This is an in-vitro mechanism study, not a trial of topical oil application or dietary treatment in dogs.
  • The findings do not establish that any botanical oil or ONEDOG preparation increases ceramides in living canine skin.

ONEDOG product applicationsMechanistic background for discussing fatty-acid chemistry and epidermal lipid synthesis. It does not validate a topical botanical oil or product performance claim.

Professional applicationUseful for formulation research questions; distinguish cell-culture results from actual product delivery, clinical outcomes, and feeding studies.

75

Sheinberg Waisburd et al. · 2025 · Veterinary Medicine and Science, 11(1), e70075 · first published December 2024

Plant-extract topicals compared with medicated shampoo for canine superficial pyoderma

Efficacy of Plant Extract-Based Solutions Compared to Chlorhexidine and Miconazole Shampoo for the Treatment of Superficial Pyoderma in Dogs

Research descriptionA multicenter comparative study assigned 30 dogs with superficial pyoderma to three groups of 10: plant-extract shampoo plus daily mousse, the same shampoo plus daily spray, or a chlorhexidine/miconazole/silver shampoo.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Cytology, lesion, and pruritus measures improved over 15 days in all three groups.
  • The botanical arms used complete, specified shampoo-plus-leave-on protocols; they were not tests of arbitrary botanical blends.
  • The small study does not establish that unrelated cosmetic products treat infection or that its results generalize to other formulations.
  • Superficial pyoderma is a veterinary diagnosis; study results should not replace veterinary assessment or prescribed care.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to research on coordinated rinse-off and leave-on systems, not proof that ONEDOG apothecary products treat pyoderma or replace medicated care.

Professional applicationDemonstrates the importance of testing complete formulations and protocols. Medical skin infections remain within veterinary diagnosis and treatment.

76

Félix et al. · 2024 · Archives of Veterinary Science, 29(3)

Coat coverage, grooming, and thermal comfort in Lhasa Apsos and Shih Tzus

Preliminary Data on Coat Coverage and Grooming Interfering with the Thermal Comfort of Lhasa Apso and Shih Tzu Dogs

Research descriptionA preliminary study of six dogs—two Lhasa Apsos and four Shih Tzus—examined physiological measures and infrared thermography at 17°C, 25°C, and 33°C before and after grooming and clipping.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study found that grooming did not eliminate measured thermal stress under the tested environmental conditions.
  • Temperature and coat-coverage effects varied by measurement and condition; the small sample cannot establish universal clipping or insulation recommendations.
  • It does not establish a safe dryer temperature or a general rule that clipping cools or warms every dog.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant to coat-aware service planning, drying, and education about the difference between ambient conditions and a dog’s thermal response; no product efficacy was evaluated.

Professional applicationUse as a limited preliminary source, not a stand-alone basis for clipping decisions. Consider the individual dog, environment, coat, and welfare; seek veterinary advice for heat intolerance.

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Published canine study · 2021 · 58 dogs across five breeds

Age, sex, and breed associations with canine skin ceramides

Effects of Age, Sex, and Breed on the Composition of Free Extractable Ceramides in the Stratum Corneum of Healthy Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers analyzed free extractable stratum-corneum ceramides in 58 healthy dogs representing five breeds and examined associations with age, sex, and breed.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study identified associations between increasing age and lower concentrations of certain epidermal ceramides.
  • The results add age and individual variation to canine lipid research; they do not establish that a topical product can reverse these differences.

ONEDOG product applicationsRelevant background for barrier-formulation research and age-aware education; no ONEDOG formula was evaluated.

Professional applicationUse as biological context, not as a basis for diagnosing barrier dysfunction from appearance alone.

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Published canine study · 2019 · PubMed

Malassezia species in healthy and atopic canine skin

Malassezia Species Dysbiosis in Natural and Allergen-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs

Research descriptionResearchers compared Malassezia yeast populations in healthy dogs, dogs with naturally occurring atopic dermatitis, and experimentally allergen-sensitized dogs.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study reported differences in Malassezia species prevalence across health and allergic-skin groups.
  • M. pachydermatis was more abundant in some allergic-skin samples.
  • These findings describe associations and do not show that yeast alone causes atopic dermatitis or that cosmetic products treat yeast-associated disease.

ONEDOG product applicationsSupports educational discussion of skin lipids, microbial ecology, and inflammation as interacting research areas; no ONEDOG products were tested.

Professional applicationSuspected yeast-associated skin or ear disease requires veterinary diagnosis and care.

80

Preprint · 2026 · article available at PMC

Malassezia pachydermatis diversity in dogs with atopic dermatitis: preprint

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals High Intraspecies Diversity of Malassezia pachydermatis in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionThis preprint investigates Malassezia populations from 60 dogs and compares prevalence and strain diversity in healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The authors report differences in yeast prevalence and strain diversity between groups.
  • The article is a preprint; findings are preliminary and should not be treated as peer-reviewed conclusions until reviewed and published.

ONEDOG product applicationsA developing research reference for microbial diversity and canine skin ecology; it does not demonstrate product efficacy.

Professional applicationKeep the preprint status clear in educational materials and avoid using it as a clinical treatment recommendation.

81

Published pilot study · 2019 · 15 healthy dogs and 15 dogs with atopic dermatitis

Comparing objective methods for evaluating canine skin-barrier function

Pilot Study Using Five Methods to Evaluate Skin Barrier Function in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionResearchers compared five methods for assessing skin-barrier function in healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis, including measurements of hydration, pH, transepidermal water loss, redness, and light absorption.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The study evaluated the performance and reliability of multiple noninvasive measurements.
  • Objective readings can complement clinical evaluation, but results depend on the method, site, and protocol.
  • This pilot study does not validate an outcome measure for any particular ONEDOG preparation.

ONEDOG product applicationsA methodological reference for future veterinary-research collaboration and finished-formula testing; no ONEDOG products were studied.

Professional applicationUseful when designing a controlled evaluation with qualified veterinary researchers; visual observation alone cannot measure barrier function.

82

Published clinical review · 2018 · open-access review

Treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis: clinical review

An Update on the Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Research descriptionThis review discusses veterinary treatment strategies for canine atopic dermatitis, including topical lipid therapy, phytosphingosine, ceramide preparations, shampoos, and broader clinical management.

Detailed scientific findings
  • Topical care is discussed as one part of a wider veterinary treatment approach.
  • The review distinguishes supportive topical strategies from the management of active allergic disease.
  • Recommendations and evidence should be interpreted in light of the review’s publication date and current veterinary guidance.

ONEDOG product applicationsProvides context for professional education about barrier-support preparations; it is not evidence of efficacy for any ONEDOG product.

Professional applicationUse as a clinical overview alongside current veterinary guidance; diagnosis and treatment decisions belong to the veterinarian.

83

Published scientific review · open-access review

Canine atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and treatment review

Current Knowledge on Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Research descriptionThis review surveys canine atopic dermatitis biology, including epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune responses, microbial complications, and topical treatment approaches such as ceramides, cholesterol, essential fatty acids, phytosphingosine, shampoos, and leave-on preparations.

Detailed scientific findings
  • The review frames atopic dermatitis as a multifactorial condition involving skin-barrier, immune, and microbial processes.
  • It summarizes several topical approaches but does not make different products or ingredients interchangeable.
  • A review synthesizes existing research; it is not a clinical trial of ONEDOG formulas.

ONEDOG product applicationsA foundational reference for educational material connecting skin biology and veterinary care; no ONEDOG products were evaluated.

Professional applicationUse to frame professional education while keeping cosmetic grooming distinct from veterinary diagnosis and treatment.

Copyable source list

Complete source index.

  1. Canine-specific ceramide complexes and skin-barrier recovery

    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/16/14/2148

  2. Sphingolipids, hyaluronic acid, and canine skin health

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7082980/

  3. Botanical oil treatments and canine hair-fiber lipid retention

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28261924/

  4. Healthy canine skin microbiome and breed-specific skin ecology

    https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-63999-5

  5. Repeated bathing and changes in canine skin microorganisms

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10446845/

  6. Natural canine skin pH and differences across the body

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34414614/

  7. Physical and chemical evaluation of commercial canine shampoos

    https://veterinariamexico.fmvz.unam.mx/index.php/vet/article/view/1000

    https://veterinariamexico.fmvz.unam.mx/index.php/vet/article/download/1000/889/9626

  8. Clinical evaluation of ceramide-containing canine bathing preparations

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjvd/30/4/30_24-004/_article/-char/en

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjvd/30/4/30_24-004/_pdf

  9. Topical ceramide preparations and long-term canine dermatological care

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjvd/27/1/27_20-015/_article/-char/en

  10. Clinical use of a ceramide-based moisturizer for treating dogs with atopic dermatitis

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3694192/

  11. Increased transepidermal water loss and decreased ceramide content in dogs with atopic dermatitis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20178492/

  12. Skin-barrier reinforcement by a natural-ingredient spot-on in a tape-stripping dog model

    https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/9/8/390

  13. Essential oils and polyunsaturated fatty acids in canine skin equivalents

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26464904/

  14. Borage seed oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10331227/

  15. Omega-3 fatty acids and poor-quality canine coats

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32505998/

  16. Canine hair-cycle morphology and assessment criteria

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21401741/

  17. Hair-follicle parameters measured by digital trichoscopy in healthy dogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31898370/

  18. Skin changes in Newfoundland dogs following coat clipping

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023312005321

  19. Post-bathing hydration with occlusives, humectants, and physiological lipids

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40888083/

  20. Fine-bubble bathing compared with shampoo bathing in canine atopic dermatitis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38418417/

  21. Daily chlorhexidine application and canine skin-barrier effects

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/87/3/87_24-0311/_article

  22. Topical treatment and the nasomaxillary skin-fold microbiome in French Bulldogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34668256/

  23. Clipping blade size, skin redness, and bacterial counts

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31449448/

  24. Trace-mineral source, haircoat quality, and activity in senior dogs

    https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/5/686

  25. Skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome, and host-defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37990608/

    https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13215

  26. Topical aloe vera ointment and canine skin tissue changes

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8243673/

  27. Papain gel cream and sunflower oil in three canine wound cases

    https://www.scielo.br/j/abmvz/a/c6QjkfxGh35JvDg39qy9C6s/?lang=en

    https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8561

  28. Guard-hair morphology in four dog breeds

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29920816/

  29. Plant-extract shampoo and mousse protocol for chronic greasy seborrhea

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9960626/

  30. Colloidal oatmeal shampoo for pruritic canine dermatitis

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjvd95/4/2/4_2_17/_article

    https://doi.org/10.2736/jjvd95.4.17

  31. Ophytrium shampoo and leave-on mousse protocol for irritated, pruritic skin

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12417098/

  32. Updated international guidelines for treating canine atopic dermatitis

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/vde.70128

  33. Medicinal plants in canine dermatology

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31133058/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6537371/

  34. Chamomile phytochemistry and botanical activity

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35454969/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9032859/

  35. Hair combing forces, conditioning, and detangling

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30076777/

  36. Hydrolyzed keratin peptide molecular weight and hair-fiber conditioning

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32946595/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7820954/

  37. Shea butter composition and cosmetic applications

    https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.70065

    https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/aocs.70065

  38. Seaweed-extract supplementation in dogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40522115/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12168205/

  39. Skin lipid profiling in normal and seborrhoeic Shih Tzu dogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23331684/

  40. Sebaceous-gland functions and lipid chemistry in domestic animals

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-026-11128-0

  41. Hair-follicle structure, morphogenesis, and regeneration

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/03009858231176561

  42. Hair-follicle groups and coat architecture

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7895312/

  43. Canine hair regrowth after clipping for surgery

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14989702/

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00356.x

  44. Histological characteristics of canine noninflammatory alopecia

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22575019/

  45. Accumulated skin lipids and sebum measurement using bentonite clay

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7130739/

    https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12500066

  46. Safety assessment of naturally sourced clays used in cosmetics

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42313106/

  47. Linoleic-acid soap and ultrapure soft water in canine cleansing

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26606689/

  48. Hair and brushing: mechanical effects on the hair fiber

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/sccj1976/11/2/11_2_5/_article

    https://doi.org/10.5107/sccj1976.11.2_5

  49. Surface structure of the canine split hair

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4841955/

  50. Guard-hair morphology in four dog breeds

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vde.12656

    https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12656

  51. The biomechanics of splitting hairs

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11285785/

  52. Stress in dogs during grooming in a pet shop

    https://rbz.org.br/article/stress-in-dogs-during-grooming-in-a-pet-shop/

    https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5120200154

  53. Behavioural suppression and autonomic stress responses during routine grooming

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159126002388

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2026.107146

  54. Cooperative-care training and canine participation during veterinary examination

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159122000739

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105615

  55. Collaborative handling and canine physiological stress measurements

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10093362/

    https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071253

  56. Ultrapure soft-water shampoo treatment for canine pruritus

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20492627/

  57. Artificially carbonated-water bathing for canine superficial bacterial folliculitis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34747076/

  58. Carbonated-water bathing and canine skin-barrier physiology

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/vde.13145

  59. Canine skin microbiome by anatomical region and inflammatory status

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11903403/

  60. Bacterial flora on the abdominal skin of healthy dogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37536687/

  61. Shampoo moisturizing effects assessed by repeated open testing

    https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dobutsurinshoigaku/30/1/30_6/_article/-char/en

  62. UV light, temperature, and humidity effects on canine hair color

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15284401/

    https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(23)02998-X/fulltext

  63. Statistical analysis of hair breakage during repeated grooming

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21241634/

  64. Biophysical mapping of canine skin

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20042037/

  65. Skin biophysical parameters by age, sex, and breed in dogs

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40525614/

  66. The canine-coat microclimate during heating

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34644843/

  67. Assessment of heat damage in animal hair

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32473524/

  68. Noise impacts from professional dog-grooming forced-air dryers

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4682558/

  69. Shampoo therapy in veterinary dermatology: benefits and practical tips

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12825626/

  70. Ozone water and canine skin bacteria and barrier function

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40084489/

    https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13339

  71. Slow-release melatonin implants and recurrence of canine flank alopecia

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36106629/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9826314/

  72. Estrogen-receptor findings in Pomeranians with hair-cycle arrest

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16827668/

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2006.00520.x

  73. A diet enriched with antioxidants, polyphenols, and omega-3s in canine atopic dermatitis

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34798876/

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8603501/

  74. Adelmidrol-based mousse and shampoo protocol for seborrhea associated with canine atopic dermatitis

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11209480/

    https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060229

  75. Photobiomodulation and melatonin for Alopecia X: a trial protocol

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861499/

    https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0304605

  76. EPA and linoleic acid effects on ceramide production in canine keratinocytes

    https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.12881

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32803908/

  77. Plant-extract topicals compared with medicated shampoo for canine superficial pyoderma

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/vms3.70075

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39620911/

  78. Coat coverage, grooming, and thermal comfort in Lhasa Apsos and Shih Tzus

    https://doi.org/10.5380/avs.v29i3.96194

    https://revistas.ufpr.br/veterinary/article/view/96194

  79. Age-related changes in skin-barrier parameters in retrievers

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41602626/

  80. Age, sex, and breed associations with canine skin ceramides

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34687003/

  81. Malassezia species in healthy and atopic canine skin

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31782778/

  82. Malassezia pachydermatis diversity in dogs with atopic dermatitis: preprint

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13082112/

  83. Comparing objective methods for evaluating canine skin-barrier function

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30644144/

  84. Treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis: clinical review

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6067670/

  85. Canine atopic dermatitis: pathogenesis and treatment review

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9204668/

  86. Age-related skin hydration and regional biophysical variation in retrievers

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12832543/

    https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1717581

A guide to the collection

Research priorities & product connections.

Research areaStudiesRelated ONEDOG preparations
Epidermal lipids & barrier biology01–02, 08–14AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème, ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream
Hydration & leave-on care02, 08–12, 19ABWAA 4D+ Hyaluronic Serum, GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer, AWAN Conditioning Mist
Hair-fiber structure, friction & regrowth03, 15–18, 24, 28, 35–36, 41–44, 48–51, 63, 69–70, 73, 76ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Conditioner, AWAN Conditioning Mist, BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser
Epidermal fatty-acid mechanisms02, 14–15, 71, 74Research distinction among dietary fatty acids, cell-culture mechanisms, and topical formulations
Botanical and medicated cleansing protocols29, 31, 72, 75Compare complete tested protocols only; no implication that unrelated cosmetic products treat infection
Cleansing & skin ecology04–07, 20–23, 25NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment
Botanical ingredient research & safety context10, 12–14, 26–27, 33–34, 37–38, 71NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser, DIBIK Aloe Azulene Gel Masque, MIIN Papaya Pumpkin Masque; distinguish topical and dietary evidence
Sebum, oily coats & surface lipid chemistry29, 39–40, 45, 72BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser, AKI Earth & Sea Mud, AMIK Ceramide+ Bioshield Crème
Double-coat architecture, follicular cycling & hair regrowth16–18, 41–44, 69–70, 73MAKWA Nutra Peptide Shampoo, NOOKAA Conditioner, ANANG Hair Masque, AWAN Conditioning Mist; hair loss referral and veterinary assessment
Shea lipid chemistry & marine ingredients37–38GIZIIBIIG Shea + Marine Conditioning Cleanser, OSHKAYAA Shea Renewal Body Polish, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser, GICHI-GAMI Marine Mineral Shampoo, GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer
Mineral clay & adsorption45–46AKI Earth & Sea Mud and OSHKAYAA Shea Renewal Body Polish
Water chemistry, ozone water & applied shampoo technique47, 56–58, 68 + applied reviewNIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, ZIIBI Limu Marine Cleanser; controlled water-treatment research
Sebum, botanical cleansing & leave-on care29–31BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, AKI Earth & Sea Mud, BIMIDE Gelée Antioxidant Oil Cleanser, NISHIN Borage Leaf Foaming Cleanser, AWAN Leave-In Conditioning Mist
Gentle cleansing & skin comfort30–32BIZAA Chamomile Cream Cleanser, NIBI Gentle Cleansing Shampoo, MINO Intensive Rescue Cream, DIBIK Aloe Azulene Gel Masque
Breed-specific grooming & technique16–18, 22–23, 28, 41–44, 49–50Individualized cleansing, coat conditioning, clipping, and skin-fold care across the ONEDOG collection
Grooming stress & cooperative handling52–55Stage-specific observation, low-stress handling, voluntary positioning, and individualized drying
Shampoo formulation & barrier response61Comparative evaluation of surfactant systems across the ONEDOG cleansing collection
Environmental exposure & coat color62ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque, NOOKAA Nutra Peptide Conditioner, AWAN Conditioning Mist; coat-color documentation
Repeated grooming & hair breakage48, 51, 63Conditioning and low-force brushing protocols; canine-specific fiber testing
Anatomical, age & breed variation06, 59–60, 64–65Site-specific and age-informed assessment across individual dogs
Coat microclimate & heat exposure66–67Coat-aware drying protocols and evaluation of under-coat temperature and humidity
Anatomical skin microbiome04, 22, 59–60MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment, BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser, and area-specific cleansing education
Sensory environmentApplied dryer-noise referenceMobile grooming acoustic and equipment protocols
Detangling mechanics & brush force48–51Low-force brushing, conditioning for friction reduction, and coat-damage documentation

Next research frontiers

Further questions for ONEDOG.

These are research priorities for future investigation, not findings established by the studies listed above.

Research areaWhy it mattersPotential application
Skin and coat pH after bathingHow cleansing, water chemistry, and repeated washing relate to canine skin-surface conditions.Evaluate cleanser and bathing protocols across the ONEDOG cleansing collection.
Canine hair porosity and water absorptionMay help explain coat saturation, moisture retention, drying time, and tangling.ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque and AWAN Conditioning Mist; coat-fiber assessment.
Temperature and thermal exposureEffects of water temperature, heated drying, and heat exposure on hair fibers and skin.Mobile grooming bathing and drying protocols.
Microbiome by anatomical regionDifferences among paws, ears, folds, abdomen, and densely coated areas.MASHKIKI Microbiome Balancing Treatment and BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser; area-specific grooming education.
Environmental allergens and coat contaminationHow pollen, dust, salt, sand, and other particles interact with hair and skin.NIBI, ZIIBI, and BIZAA cleansing routines.
Biofilms and persistent microorganismsWhy some surface microbial communities may be more difficult to disrupt.BIINAD Dermaclenz Cleanser and cleansing research.
Oxidative stress and hair agingHow UV exposure, oxidation, and aging may affect color, lipids, and fiber integrity.GIIZIS Restorative Marine Moisturizer and ANANG Total Repair Hair Masque.
Pregnancy, lactation, and coat changesHormonal and physiological changes may affect skin, hair, and grooming needs.Specialized maternal grooming considerations, developed with appropriate veterinary guidance.
Paw-pad and nasal-planum biologySpecialized keratinization, hydration, friction, and barrier characteristics.ASIN Barrier Recovery Salve and MINO Intensive Rescue Cream; site-specific research.
Fragrance chemistry and canine olfactionVolatile compounds, scent intensity, and canine sensory biology in grooming environments.Future research into fragrance exposure and scent-sensitive grooming; no perfume or aromatherapy product is represented here.

A future ONEDOG assessment framework could bring breed, age, anatomical location, coat structure, and environmental exposure together to guide individualized cleansing, conditioning, drying, and maintenance protocols. Consistent records of hydration, oiliness, scaling, friction, tangling, and grooming tolerance could make those decisions more useful in consultations and professional education.